Minimum system requirements

• PC with 300 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor clock speed recommended; 233-MHz minimum required;* Intel Pentium/Celeron family, AMD K6/Athlon/Duron family, or compatible processor recommended
• 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB minimum supported; may limit performance and some features)
• 1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space.
• Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and monitor
• CD-ROM or DVD drive
• Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device

How to erase my hard disk drive and start over

Issue:

How to erase my hard disk drive and start over.

Additional information:

• If you are looking for information about securely erasing your hard disk drive, or making it difficult or close to impossible to recover or read the old data, we recommend you refer to document CH000520.
• If you are attempting to use a recovery or restore diskette to restore your computer information and are experiencing issues, please refer to document CH000566.

Checklist:

The below recommendations are what a user should check before completely erasing their computer hard disk drive and starting over. Following these steps can prevent hours of hassles and headaches.

Did you backup all information on your hard disk drive?
Although most current operating systems have driver support for most hardware have you made sure you have the diskettes/CD's for your computer hardware devices so you can install the hardware after erasing everything?
If you are reinstalling Windows 98 or lower do you have a boot disk?
Have you tested the boot disk or bootable CD to make sure it loads properly?
Do you need an operating system CD or Restore CD to reinstall the operating system?
Do you have the necessary licensing and OEM numbers needed to register your software again?
If you are planning to use a floppy diskette version to install your software you may want to verify all diskettes are accessible to prevent you from erasing the hard disk drive and not being able to recover the data because of a bad diskette.

Solution:

Please remember that following the below steps will erase all of the information on your hard disk drive. Once the below steps have been completed, you will not be able to reverse the steps if you want to recover possible lost data. Please make sure that you have checked the above checklist verifying that you have not forgotten a possible important step. Finally, the below steps are the most recommended steps and it is possible that the manufacturer of your computer may have another method of restoring your computer using their software.

Erasing the hard disk drive

The below steps are for users with MS-DOS 5.0+, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, and Windows NT 4.0.

• If you are running or plan on installing Microsoft Windows 2000 please see document CH000544.
• If you are running or plan on installing Microsoft Windows XP please see document CH000647.

1. Place the bootable diskette or disc inside the computer and reboot to get to the DOS prompt. In some cases you may need to boot the computer with CD-ROM support or press a key to boot from the disk.
2. At the MS-DOS prompt type format c: /s
3. The computer will ask you "Are you sure you want to erase everything on drive c:" if you are ok with doing this press "Y" for yes and press enter.
4. After doing this, the computer will begin the formatting process. If you receive errors during this process, please see document CH000180.
5. Once the format process is completed successfully, at the MS-DOS prompt type fdisk /mbr and press enter. This should return you back to the MS-DOS prompt with no message. This step is not required but recommended.
6. Once back at the MS-DOS prompt, reboot the computer with the boot disk still in the computer.
7. Once back at the MS-DOS prompt, insert either the diskettes for MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, or the CD for Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows NT and click the appropriate link

MS-DOS users
Windows 3.x users
Windows 95 floppy diskette users
Windows 95 CD users
Windows 98 users
Windows NT 4.0 users

MS-DOS users

1. Place the first MS-DOS diskette into the computer.
2. At the A:\> type setup and press enter to being the installation.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

Note: If you discover a bad diskette during the installation, it is recommended that you contact Microsoft for a possible replacement.

Windows 3.x users

1. Place the first diskette of Windows 3.x into the computer.
2. At the A:\> type setup and press enter to begin the installation.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

Note: If you discover a bad diskette during the installation, it is recommended that you contact Microsoft for a possible replacement.

Windows 95 floppy diskette users

1. Place the first diskette of Windows 95 into the computer.
2. At the A:\> type setup and press enter to begin the installation.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

Note: If you discover a bad diskette during the installation of Windows 95 it is recommended you contact Microsoft for possible replacement.

Windows 95 CD users

1. Place the CD into the computer.
2. Type X: (where x is the CD-ROM drive, generally this is D).
3. Once at the appropriate drive, type CD WIN95 and press enter to get into the Windows 95 directory.
4. Once at X:\WIN95> type setup to begin the installation
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

If you are encountering issues during the setup process, you can add additional switches to the setup command line. These switches can be found on our Windows 95 Setup Switches page.

Windows 98 users

Complete information about the setup and installation of Windows 98 once the hard disk drive has been erased can be found on document CH000569.

Windows NT 4.0 users

Windows NT can be installed several different ways. We recommend that Windows NT be installed using the below steps as we feel that these steps by far are the easiest way to install Windows NT 4.0.

First, we recommend that all users wanting to simply install Windows NT use the /b switch which allows the users to not need to create the diskettes. We do, however, recommend that the user create the Emergency recover diskettes if they have not already been created after the installation of Windows NT.

Finally, before the installation of Windows NT, it is recommended that you run SMARTDRV, which will help the installation of Windows NT run a lot faster.

1. Place the CD into the computer.
2. Type X: (where x is the CD-ROM drive, generally this is D).
3. Once at the appropriate drive, type CD WINNT and press enter to get into the Windows 95 directory.
4. Once at X:\WINNT> type winnt /b.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

How to lock / unlock the hard disk drive

Issue:

How to lock / unlock the hard disk drive.

Cause:

A hard disk drive may be come locked or unlocked allowing or not allowing for software to have direct disk access. You may encounter an error indicating to unlock the hard disk drive in any of the below circumstances.

1. Attempting to install another operating system.
2. Attempting to fdisk the hard drive.
3. Installing software.

Solutions:

To unlock the hard disk drive

unlock x:

The x represents the letter of the hard disk drive that you wish to unlock. For example, if you needed to unlock the C: drive, type c in the place of x.

Additional information about the lock and unlock command can be found on our Lock / Unlock page.

To lock the hard disk drive

lock x:

The x represents the letter of the hard disk drive that you wish to lock. For example, if you needed to lock the C: drive, type c in the place of x.

Additional information about the lock and unlock command can be found on our Lock / Unlock page.

Missing operating system

Issue:

Missing operating system.

Cause:

Below is a listing of the different causes of the Missing operating system error message.

1. Missing or corrupted command.com or other boot files.
2. Computer Virus
3. Boot Record is corrupted.
4. Hard drive has failed or has been erased.

Solution:

If you are receiving the Missing operating system error message it is recommended that you follow the below steps to resolve the issue.

Caution: The below steps suggest using a bootable diskette, make sure this bootable diskette is designed for your operating system. For example, do not use a Window 98 bootable diskette and follow the below steps on a computer with Windows XP.

1. Using a write protected bootable diskette, boot from the diskette and type "sys c:" after pressing enter this should give you the message system transferred. Once this has been completed, reboot the computer. If you get any other messages, see our Boot disk page.
2. If the number one does not resolve your issue, boot from the diskette again and at the prompt type "fdisk /mbr" and press enter. This should just return you back to the prompt. Once back at the prompt, reboot the computer.
3. Finally, if one and two are unable to resolve your issue, it is recommended that you boot from the boot diskette again and reinstall or format and reinstall the operating system.

Additional information about formatting your computer and starting over can be found on document CH000186.

Changing the drive letter of a disk drive

Issue:

Changing the drive letter of a disk drive.

Cause:

Users may wish to change their CD-ROM drive or other disk drive letter to help accommodate other new devices or to meet their personal preferences.

Solution:

Changing the drive letter of a CD-ROM , CD-R, CD-RW, or other disc drive.
Changing the drive letter of a hard disk drive.
Changing the drive letter of a floppy disk drive.

Changing the drive letter of a CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, or other disc drive.

Note: When attempting to change the drive letters on your disc drives you can only change the drive to any drive letter after the hard disk drive. For example, if your hard disk drive is C: you can only change your CD drive to D: through Z:. If you have multiple hard disk drives and/or partitions and your last drive letter is F: you can only change your CD drive to G: through Z:. Finally, computers will never allow a CD-ROM to be setup as A:, B: or C:.

Windows 2000 and XP users
Windows 95, 98 and ME users
MS-DOS and Windows 3.x users

Windows 2000, Windows XP users:

1. Users who wish to change the CD disc drive letter in Windows 2000 and Windows XP must have Administrator rights. If you are logged in as a user that does not have these privileges, log out and log in as a user account that does have these rights.
2. Open Control Panel.
3. Open Administrator Tools.
4. Open Computer Management.
5. Open Disk Management.
6. Locate the drive that you wish to change the drive letter, right-click on that drive and select Change Drive Letter and Paths.

Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME users:

1. Open the Device Manager.
2. Click the "+" next to "CD-ROM" or "DVD / CD-ROM drives."
3. Double-click the drive you wish to change the letter for.
4. Click the "Settings" tab.
5. Where the computer lists the start and end drive letter, enter the drive letter you wish to change the drive to and click ok.

6. Restart the computer.

MS-DOS and Windows 3.X users:

1. If you are in Windows, Exit to a MS-DOS prompt.
2. Type cd\ and press enter.
3. Once at DOS type "edit c:\autoexec.bat" (without the quotes).
4. In the autoexec.bat window locate the MSCDEX line.
5. Once this line has been found, if it does not have /L:x (were x is the letter of the drive) go to the end of the line and type /L:D (this example should assign the CD-ROM to D: this can be anything up to Z).
6. Once you have made the changes go up to file (if you do not have a mouse press Alt+F) then choose exit and say "Yes" to save the changes.
7. Once back at DOS type "edit c:\config.sys" (without the quotes)
8. In the config.sys window look for anything that says LASTDRIVE=x (were x is the last drive letter). If you do not see this line go to the very beginning of your config.sys and add LASTDRIVE=K (or the letter that you want to be the ending letter. Note this must be anything between C and Z.
9. Once you have made the changes go up to file (if you do not have a mouse press Alt+F) then choose exit and say "Yes" to save the changes.
10. Reboot computer.

Changing the drive letter of a hard disk drive.

Unlike CD drives and other removable drives, hard disk drives cannot change drive letters. If you wish to create multiple drive letters for a single hard disk drive you can partition the hard disk drive into multiple segments. However, this will only create multiple drives in alphabetical order, such as C: D: and E:. You cannot take a hard drive that has been assigned as D: and assign it to an alternate letter such as K:.

Changing the drive letter of a floppy disk drive.

In some computer environments you can change the drive letters of a floppy disk drive between A: and B:. However, all IBM compatible computers only support the standard floppy disk drive on either A: or B: and no other drive letter. If you wish to change the drive letter your CMOS setup must support this option.

Additional information:

• If you're looking for additional information about how to change from one drive to another drive in MS-DOS see document CH000515.

My computer is running slow what steps can I do to fix it?

Issue: My computer is running slow what steps can I do to fix it? Cause: This issue can be caused by any of the below possibilities. Hard disk drive is short on available disk space. Several software programs have been installed/uninstalled leaving behind bad files and/or confusing the software. Data Corruption. Computer is overheating. Bad Hardware. Additional information: If your Internet is slow this document does not contain information about this issue. See document CH000986 for additional information about why your Internet connection may be slow. PC Solution: Below are steps for Microsoft Windows that should help speed up the computer or determine why the computer is running slow. Not enough hard disk drive space If you have a hard disk drive that is 2GB or smaller, ensure that there is at least 200MB of hard disk drive space free. If you have a hard drive larger than this size, verify that there is at least 500MB of free hard disk space. This available space allows the computer to have room for the swap file to increase in size as well as room for temporary files. See document CH000528 for additional information about regaining lost hard disk drive space. Hard drive corrupted or fragmented Run Scandisk or something equivalent to help ensure that there is nothing physically wrong with the computer hard disk drive. Run Defrag to help ensure that data is arranged in the best possible order. Background programs Remove or disable any TSRs or programs that automatically start each time the computer boots. See document CHTSR for additional information. Hardware conflicts Verify that the Device Manager has no conflicts, but if conflicts are present, resolve them. Issues with Windows XP prefetch If you have Windows XP try deleting all files in the prefetch directory. These are prefetch files and can lower system resources if loading programs no longer being used. See our prefetch definition for additional information about prefetch. Issues in Windows 95 / 98 autoexec.bat / config.sys If you are using Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows 98 and do not plan on running any MS-DOS programs from MS-DOS follow the below steps. Click Start, Run and type command and press enter. In the MS-DOS window type cd\ to get to C:\> and then type ren autoexec.bat autoexec.ch and ren config.sys config.ch This will rename your autoexec.bat and config.sys and help make sure memory is being optimized through Windows. Computer or processor is overheating Make sure your computer and processor is not overheating, excessive heat can cause a significant decrease in computer performance some processors will even lower the speed of the processor automatically to help compensate for the heat related issues. Additional information about your processor temperature and was of determining how hot it is can be found on document CH000687. Specific operating system basic troubleshooting Try running through the basic troubleshooting steps for your operating system. Erase computer and start over Finally, if none of the above solutions resolve your issues, it is recommended that you either reinstall Windows and/or erase everything and then start over. Additional information about how to do this can be found on document CH000186. Hardware issues If your computer continues to be slow after going over each of the above recommendations it's possible that your computer is experiencing a more serious hardware related issue such as a failing component in the computer. This could be a failing or bad CPU, RAM, Motherboard, or other component.

How to Troubleshoot Hardware Problems with Device Manager

Windows XP works with countless different printers, scanners, digital cameras, and other devices. It does so with the help of drivers, unique software programs that help your operating system communicate with individual pieces of hardware. If your computer starts to freeze, crash, or if a hardware device stops working, you can troubleshoot the problem with the Device Manager.

Device Manager shows you how the hardware on your computer is installed and configured, and how the hardware interacts with your computer's programs.

You'll typically use Device Manager to check the status of your hardware and update device drivers on your computer. Advanced users who have a thorough understanding of computer hardware might also use Device Manager's diagnostic features to resolve device conflicts and change resource settings.

Note You may need to be logged on as an administrator or be a member of the Administrators group in order to use some or all of the features in Device Manager. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure.

To access Device Manager:

•	Right–click My Computer, click Manage, and then click Device Manager. The Device Manager opens as shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 1. Opening the Device Manager

To view the status of a device:

1.	Open Device Manager.
2.	Double–click the type of device you want to view.
3.	Right–click the specific device you want, and then click Properties.
4.	On the General tab, under Device status is a description of the device status, as shown in Figure 2 below. Figure 2. Checking status of a device

If the device is experiencing a problem, you’ll see the type of problem in the Device status box. You might also see a problem code and number and a suggested solution. If you call a support line, this number can be useful for determining and diagnosing the problem.

For information on how to resolve hardware device problems, click Troubleshoot to start the Hardware Troubleshooter.

To install a new driver from Device Manager:

1.	Open Device Manager.
2.	Double-click the type of device you want to update or change.
3.	Right-click the specific device driver you want to update or change.
4.	Click Update Driver to open the Hardware Update Wizard. Follow the wizard instructions.

Note If you install a new driver and your system becomes unstable, you can easily uninstall the driver and reinstall the old driver with Driver Rollback. For more information, read How to Roll Back a Device Driver.

To uninstall a device:

1.	Open Device Manager.
2.	Double–click the type of device that you want to uninstall.
3.	Right–click the specific device you want to uninstall, and then click Uninstall.
4.	In the Confirm Device Removal dialog box, click OK.

When you're done uninstalling the device, turn off your computer, and remove the device from the computer.

Note Many devices on the market today are Plug and Play, which means when you plug the device in your computer will recognize it and automatically prompt you to install the drivers you need. You won't usually use Device Manager to uninstall a Plug and Play device. Simply disconnect the Plug and Play device from your computer. You might have to restart your computer. Check the device manufacturer's instructions for more information.

Product documentation

For further information about using Device Manager, see the Windows XP documentation. To access documentation while using Device Manager, press F1 on your keyboard to go directly to the Device Manager section.

Computer POST / beep codes

POST ABCs The steps of a POST POST troubleshooting AMI BIOS beep codes Award BIOS beep codes IBM BIOS beep codes Macintosh startup tones Phoenix BIOS beep codes Motherboard help POST ABCs The computer POST (Power On Self Test) tests the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements and that all hardware is working properly before starting the remainder of the boot process. If the computer passes the POST the computer will have a single beep (with some computer BIOS manufacturers it may beep twice) as the computer starts and the computer will continue to start normally. However, if the computer fails the POST, the computer will either not beep at all or will generate a beep code, which tells the user the source of the problem. The steps of a POST Each time the computer boots up the computer must past the POST. Below is the common steps a POST performs each time your computer starts. Test the power supply to ensure that it is turned on and that it releases its reset signal. CPU must exit the reset status mode and thereafter be able to execute instructions. BIOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable. CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable. CPU must be able to read all forms of memory such as the memory controller, memory bus, and memory module. The first 64KB of memory must be operational and have the capability to be read and written to and from, and capable of containing the POST code. I/O bus / controller must be accessible. I/O bus must be able to write / read from the video subsystem and be able to read all video RAM. If the computer does not pass any of the above tests, your computer will receive an irregular POST. An irregular POST is a beep code that is different from the standard one or two beeps. This could be either no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps indicating what is causing the computer not to past the POST. If you're receiving an irregular POST document CH000607 contains all the steps a user can do to resolve the issue or help determine what hardware has failed in the computer so it can be replaced. If you're getting a beep code the remainder of this page contains a listing of each of the major manufacturers beep codes and what they each mean.

AMI BIOS beep codes

Below are the AMI BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code	Descriptions	Document
1 short	DRAM refresh failure	CH000996
2 short	Parity circuit failure	CH000607
3 short	Base 64K RAM failure	CH000996
4 short	System timer failure	CH000607
5 short	Process failure	CH000607
6 short	Keyboard controller Gate A20 error	CH000383
7 short	Virtual mode exception error	CH000607
8 short	Display memory Read/Write test failure	CH000607
9 short	ROM BIOS checksum failure	CH000607
10 short	CMOS shutdown Read/Write error	CH000239
11 short	Cache Memory error	CH000607
1 long, 3 short	Conventional/Extended memory failure	CH000996
1 long, 8 short	Display/Retrace test failed	CH000607

AWARD BIOS beep codes

Below are Award BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code	Description	Document
1 long, 2 short	Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional information	CH000607
Any other beep(s)	RAM problem.	CH000996

If any other correctable hardware issues, the BIOS will display a message.

IBM BIOS beep codes

Below are IBM BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of models shipping with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code	Description	Document
No Beeps	No Power, Loose Card, or Short.	CH000312
1 Short Beep	Normal POST, computer is ok.	No problem
2 Short Beep	POST error, review screen for error code.	See screen
Continuous Beep	No Power, Loose Card, or Short.	CH000607
Repeating Short Beep	No Power, Loose Card, or Short.	CH000607
One Long and one Short Beep	Motherboard issue.	CH000607
One Long and Two Short Beeps	Video (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry) issue.	CH000607
One Long and Three Short Beeps.	Video (EGA) Display Circuitry.	CH000607
Three Long Beeps	Keyboard / Keyboard card error.	CH000304
One Beep, Blank or Incorrect Display	Video Display Circuitry.	CH000607

Macintosh startup tones

Tones	Error
Error Tone. (two sets of different tones)	Problem with logic board or SCSI bus.
Startup tone, drive spins, no video	Problem with video controller.
Powers on, no tone.	Logic board problem.
High Tone, four higher tones.	Problem with SIMM.

Phoenix BIOS beep codes

Below are the beep codes for PHOENIX BIOS Q3.07 OR 4.X

Beep Code	Description / What to Check
1-1-1-3	Verify Real Mode.
1-1-2-1	Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3	Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1	Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2	Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3	Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-4-1	Initialize cache to initial POST values.
1-1-4-3	Initialize I/O.
1-2-1-1	Initialize Power Management.
1-2-1-2	Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
1-2-1-3	Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1	Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3	BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-1	8254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3	8237 DMA controller initialization.
1-2-4-1	Reset Programmable Interrupt Controller.
1-3-1-1	Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3	Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
1-3-2-1	Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1	28 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3	Clear 512K base RAM.
1-3-4-1	Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3	Test 512K base memory.
1-4-1-3	Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
1-4-2-4	Reinitialize the chipset.
1-4-3-1	Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2	Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3	Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1	Configure advanced chipset registers.
1-4-4-2	Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
2-1-1-1	Set Initial CPU speed.
2-1-1-3	Initialize interrupt vectors.
2-1-2-1	Initialize BIOS interrupts.
2-1-2-3	Check ROM copyright notice.
2-1-2-4	Initialize manager for PCI Options ROMs.
2-1-3-1	Check video configuration against CMOS.
2-1-3-2	Initialize PCI bus and devices.
2-1-3-3	Initialize all video adapters in system.
2-1-4-1	Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3	Display copyright notice.
2-2-1-1	Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3	Test keyboard.
2-2-2-1	Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-3	56 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1	Test for unexpected interrupts.
2-2-3-3	Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP.
2-2-4-1	Test RAM between 512 and 640k.
2-3-1-1	Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3	Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-1	Jump to UserPatch1.
2-3-2-3	Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1	Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3	Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1	Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3	Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1	Display error messages.
2-4-1-3	Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1	Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3	Check for keyboard errors
2-4-4-1	Set up hardware interrupts vectors.
2-4-4-3	Test coprocessor if present.
3-1-1-1	Disable onboard I/O ports.
3-1-1-3	Detect and install external RS232 ports.
3-1-2-1	Detect and install external parallel ports.
3-1-2-3	Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1	Initialize BIOS Data Area.
3-1-3-3	Initialize Extended BIOS Data Area.
3-1-4-1	Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1	Initialize hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-2	Initialize local-bus hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-3	Jump to UserPatch2.
3-2-2-1	Disable A20 address line.
3-2-2-3	Clear huge ES segment register.
3-2-3-1	Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3	Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1	Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3	Enable hardware interrupts.
3-3-1-1	Set time of day.
3-3-1-3	Check key lock.
3-3-3-1	Erase F2 prompt.
3-3-3-3	Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1	Enter SETUP.
3-3-4-3	Clear in-POST flag.
3-4-1-1	Check for errors
3-4-1-3	POST done--prepare to boot operating system.
3-4-2-1	One beep.
3-4-2-3	Check password (optional).
3-4-3-1	Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-1	Clear parity checkers.
3-4-4-3	Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4	Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1	Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1	Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3	Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1	Pending interrupt error.
4-2-2-3	Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1	Shutdown error.
4-2-3-3	Extended Block Move.
4-2-4-1	Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3	Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4	Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1	Check for Forced Flash.
4-3-2-2	Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3	BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4	Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1	Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2	Initialize interrupt controller.
4-3-3-3	Read in bootstrap code.
4-3-3-4	Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1	Boot the Flash program.
4-3-4-2	Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3	Boot code was read OK.